Coronavirus has led to an explosion of new words and phrases
Содержание:
- respirator
- shelter in place
- ventilator
- COVID-19 Vocabulary
- Vocabulary Practice
- More Useful Vocabulary
- The rules of the noun Coronavirus
- How can you prevent infection?
- chloroquine
- Top nouns related to coronavirus
- What is the impact of the coronavirus?
- Vocabulary Related to Coronavirus with English meaning & Examples
- aerosol
- exponential
- What are the governments doing?
- coronavirus
- Extract
- Exercise
respirator
A respirator is a masklike device, usually of gauze, worn over the mouth (or nose and mouth) to prevent the inhalation of noxious substances or the like.
To help protect them from COVID-19, health professionals wear respirators to filter out virus particles as they breathe in so they don’t get infected and can help patients. For these professionals, the CDC specifically recommends using what are called N95 respirators, which fit more tightly around the nose and mouth than medical or surgical masks.
Respiration is breathing, the inhalation and exhalation or air. Respiratory means “pertaining to respiration,” as in a respiratory disease like COVID-19.
shelter in place
In general, shelter in place is an order to stay in a safe place indoors due to an emergency (e.g., extreme weather, chemical hazard) until given permission by authorities to evacuate. The specifics of a shelter-in-place order varies depending on the emergency.
During the coronavirus outbreak, shelter in place refers to orders for people to stay at home and not leave unless absolutely necessary. They are put into place to prevent the further spread of the disease and allow health professionals to more effectively treat patients.
Six counties in the California Bay Area, including those affecting San Francisco and Oakland, notably issued a shelter in place effective March 17 until at least April 7, 2020. For the Bay Area shelter in place, reasons considered necessary to leave a place of residence include essential activities such as getting groceries, seeking medical attention, picking up medicine, and taking a pet to the vet for an emergency. People conducting essential business (such as grocery stores, pharmacies, banks, and gas stations allowed to stay open) and providing essential services (e.g., health professionals, waste management workers) are also permitted to leave. People are also permitted to exercise outside the house as long as they practiced social distancing. Violating the order is punishable by a fine or jail.
An order to shelter in place is different from a secure in place or lockdown, which more strictly forbids people to leave a location during an emergency. These measures are sometimes popularly described as draconian, or very harsh and severe.
ventilator
A ventilator is a machine that helps a patient breathe. It pumps oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide through a tube.
In medicine, ventilate can refer to oxygenating the blood (i.e., supplying it with oxygen) or helping someone breathe using a mechanical ventilator.
Because COVID-19 is a respiratory disease, it can cause lung inflammation, which makes it hard for patients to breathe. That’s why ventilators are necessary to help treat some patients with the infection, depending on the severity of their symptoms.
Ventilators are sometimes referred to as respirators. However, ventilators technically refer to machines that help patients breathe, not the protective respirators nurses and doctors wear.
COVID-19 Vocabulary
Information sources used by EnglishClub.com
- Must-Know Vocab For COVID-19 (NPR)
- Coronavirus (World Health Organization)
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (Wikipedia)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Wikipedia)
coronavirus (noun): any one of a large family of viruses that can cause disease in the breathing and eating systems of humans and animals (respiratory and digestive systems). Coronavirus diseases can range from the relatively harmless common cold to more severe and potentially fatal diseases such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). Seen through a microscope, coronaviruses appear circular with spikes, like crowns , and are named after the Latin for crown, which is corona. Coronaviruses normally originate in animals and usually cannot be passed to humans. But very occasionally a coronavirus mutates and can then be transmitted from animal to human, and then from human to human. This is how the SARS epidemic started in the early 2000s, for example – Did you know that flu is a coronavirus disease?
COVID-19 (noun): official name for the novel coronavirus disease that emerged in China in 2019. COVID-19 = COronaVIrus Disease-2019. All countries are requested to report any new confirmed case of COVID-19 within 48 hours.
Let’s start by going through the first couple of paragraphs on Wikipedia. I’m just going to read through that and explain things as I go.
All sources referenced here en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease has spread globally since 2019, resulting in the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Muscle pain, sputum production and sore throat are some of the less common symptoms. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to pneumonia and multi-organ failure. The case fatality rate is estimated at between 1% and 5% but varies by age and other health conditions.
The infection is spread from one person to others via respiratory droplets, often produced during coughing. Time from exposure to onset of symptoms is generally between two and 14 days, with an average of five days. The standard method of diagnosis is by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab or sputum sample. Antibody assays can also be used, using a blood serum sample. The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of symptoms, risk factors, and a chest CT scan showing features of pneumonia.
Recommended measures to prevent the disease include frequent hand washing, maintaining distance from other people, and not touching one’s face. The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers, but mask use is not recommended for the general public. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19; management involves treatment of symptoms, supportive care, and experimental measures.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Evidence of local transmission of the disease has been found in multiple countries across all six WHO regions.
Vocabulary Practice
Complete the sentences below using a word or words from the list above. If the gap requires a verb, you might need to alter the verb form to ensure the sentence is grammatically correct on completion.
- In some countries, governments advise that the entire family should (a)……………. if just one member experiences symptoms such as a (b)……………….. cough, (c) ………………problems or a fever.
- Avoiding large gatherings and practising social (a)…………………….. can help reduce the (b)…………………. rate of the virus.
- When you seek information regarding Covid-19, always go to official sources and be careful of ………………. spread online.
- Many countries are ……………………. their efforts to try to contain the spread of this virus.
- As yet, there is still not enough known about the ………………………….. of the virus and precisely how long it survives on cardboard or plastic.
- People with pre-existing medical conditions that affect their breathing, such as ………….., should take extra precautionary measures.
- Covid-19 was declared a …………….. by the WHO on March 11th 2020.
- In the current situation, we are likely to see good examples of ……………. behaviour as neighbour helps neighbour.
- Most governments around the world are doing their ………….. to try to contain the spread of the coronavirus.
Download Word List: Coronavirus Vocabulary Download pdf
The answers are not available for this lesson.
CLICK HERE: ANSWERS TO CORONAVIRUS VOCABULARY EXERCISE
From Liz
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More Useful Vocabulary
The words below are more commonly known which is why I have not put a definition with them. If you are in doubt, check in your dictionary. I have put an audio with these words so that you can check if you are pronouncing them correctly.
- acceleration phase
- anxiety
- to catch a disease
- community spread
- death toll
- to disinfect
- face mask
- to be hospitalised
- large gatherings
- lockdown
- physical distancing
- precautions
- protective clothing
- to self-isolate
- severity
- social distancing
- symptoms
- utmost (adj & noun)
Audio for Above List
Download Word List: Coronavirus Vocabulary Download pdf
In Spanish, the word coronavirus is a masculine noun made of two words: corona (crown) and virus (virus). However, keep in mind that coronavirus is just one word so there’s no need for spaces or hyphens between the words that make up this noun.
Apart from that, it is worth mentioning that the word coronavirus in Spanish is the same in both the singular and the plural. Let’s take a look:
From the example above, you can also see that the word virus in Spanish is the same in the singular and plural. In fact, this word belongs to a group of nouns ending in ‘S’ or ‘X’ that are the same in the singular and plural in Spanish.
With that being said, let’s take a look at some of the words that you need to keep in mind in the context of the coronavirus.
How can you prevent infection?
Someone can be contagious (able to infect you) without showing any symptoms (signs) – for up to two weeks. The best thing you can do to prevent the spead of infection is to wash your hands thoroughly in soap and water, making sure to clean your nails and in between your fingers. If you don’t have access to soap and water, use a hand sanitiser (an antibacterial gel). As well as washing your hands regularly, avoid people who are sneezing (a typical sign of a cold) and coughing (what you do to clear your throat). You should cover your nose and mouth if you sneeze / cough. You should also avoid close contact with people in general. (No hand-shaking!)
chloroquine
Chloroquine is a drug used to treat malaria. It is being explored and tested as a possible treatment for the novel coronavirus.
The chemical formula of chloroquine, a synthetic substance, is C18H26ClN3. Chloroquine is sometimes abbreviated as CQ. A derivative of chloroquine is hydroxychloroquine.
While malaria is caused by a parasite (transmitted by mosquitoes), chloroquine has proven effective in treating SARS, a disease caused by a coronavirus closely related to the one that causes COVID-19. That’s why chloroquine is being tried out as a treatment for COVID-19.
Other drugs being considered for COVID-19 are remdesivir (GS-5734) and lopinavir/ritonavir.
For talking about coronavirus, here are some of the most common nouns. Let’s take a look.
Brote (outbreak)
Crisis (crisis)
Cuarentena (quarantine)
Desinfectante (disinfectant)
In this caption, we also highlighted another very used word nowadays: alcohol (alcohol).
Enfermedad (illness, disease)
Jabón (soap)
Mascarilla (mask)
Another term commonly used when talking about the masks people use to protect their mouths and noses is «tapaboca» or «tapabocas».
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)
This is the Spanish name for the World Health Organization (WHO)
Pandemia (pandemic)
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the coronavirus a pandemic. The Spanish term for pandemic is pandemia. Keep in mind that there is a difference between epidemia (epidemic) and pandemia (pandemic). While the former relates to the spread of a disease in a country, the latter refers to the spread of a disease throughout the world.
Prueba (test)
The word «prueba» is probably the best one for the test that people take in order to find out if they have coronavirus. However, some people prefer to use similar terms such as «test» or «muestra».
Recesión (recession)
According to several experts, even in the most optimistic of scenarios, many economies will be heading to a recession after the coronavirus crisis is over.
Teletrabajo (remote working)
Transmisión (transmission)
Virus (virus)
There are many more words that are used in the context of the coronavirus disease. However, if you want to follow the news in Spanish, there is a good chance of coming across some of the terms we just reviewed. Please, take the necessary protection during this difficult time and don’t forget to send us your comments and suggestions.
Because so many cities were quarantined in China, manufacturing industries have been affected. This, in turn, affects industries in other countries which rely on Chinese factories for their supply chains. On top of that, when companies make less money, their share price falls, as investors sell their shares and invest in safer places, like government bonds.As people become ill and take time off work, productivity also suffers. People may also feel worried about catching the virus, so they don’t go shopping, or to restaurants. So the coronavirus also affects the hospitality sector (restaurants and hotels), the airline industry and retailers (shops).
To learn new words and phrases, start using them immediately in your own sentences. This practice is essential, because it helps you to “fix” the words in your brain. You can get regular practice when you join the English Fluency Club.
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In this article, IELTSGame.com will add English words and vocabularies which are related to Corona virus.
Each of the following terms has:
- a basic definition in English language and
- an example sentence showing how the term may be used in English context or in IELTS exam.
1. animal-human interface (noun): any point where animals (domestic and wild) and humans meet.
Example: Animal diseases can potentially pass to humans at any animal-human interface such as a zoo, farm or animal market.
2. asymptomatic (adjective): showing no of a particular disease.
Example: She had no idea her husband had coronavirus because he was asymptomatic.
3. carrier (noun): a person or animal that a disease to others, whether suffering from it themselves or not.
Example: People who are asymptomatic can still be carriers.
4. carry (verb): be infected with a disease and able to transmit it to others, whether or .
Example: Some people may carry coronavirus without knowing it.
5. community spread (noun): of a disease directly within a community and not by importation from a foreign source.
Example: With this many new positive cases, the evidence suggests that we now have community spread right here in our county.
6. contact tracing (noun): identification and monitoring of people who may have had contact with an person.
Example: By insisting on strict contact tracing as soon as someone was potentially infected, they managed to control the spread of the disease.
7. contagious (adjective): describing a disease that can pass from person to person, usually by direct contact; describing a person with such a disease. See .
Example: Patients who are still contagious are kept in isolation.
Read also:4 Reasons To Take IELTS Exam
8. coronavirus (noun): any one of a large family of that can cause in the breathing and eating systems of humans and animals (respiratory and digestive systems).
Coronavirus diseases can range from the relatively harmless common cold to more severe and potentially fatal diseases such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome).
Seen through a microscope, coronaviruses appear circular with spikes, like crown, and are named from the Latin for crown, which is corona.
Corona viruses normally originate in animals and usually cannot be passed to humans.
But very occasionally a coronavirus mutates and can then be from animal to human, and then from human to human.
This is how the SARS epidemic started in the early 2000s, for example
Example:Did you know that flu is a coronavirus disease?
– Pronunciation American English:
coronavirus: /kəˈroʊ.nəˌvaɪ.rəs/ COVID-19: /ˈkoʊ.vɪdˌnaɪnˈtiːn/
9. COVID-19 (noun): official name for the disease that emerged in China in 2019. COVID-19 = COronaVIrus Disease-2019
Example: All countries are requested to report any new confirmed case of COVID-19 within 48 hours.
10. diagnose (verb): identify an illness by examining the
aerosol
An aerosol can refer to when liquid or solid particles are dispersed in a gas, usually the air. Fog, mist, and smoke are aerosols. Those tiny particles themselves can be called aerosols.
In epidemiology, aerosols specifically refer to tiny particles (under 5 micrometers) containing a virus or other infectious agent. These particles get exhaled in a fine mist when an infected person talks or breathes, and then can get easily inhaled by other people.
Larger particles (over 5 micrometers) are referred to as respiratory droplets or simply droplets, and are expelled when coughing or sneezing. Droplets fall to the ground within 3–6 feet (1–2 meters), while aerosols can remain in the air longer and spread farther.
If an infectious agent becomes suspended in the air in tiny particles, it is said to be aerosolized. The spread of a disease through the air can be called aerosol transmission or airborne transmission.
The virus causing COVID-19 is known to spread through droplets. Scientists are still researching the extent to which it can spread through aerosols.
exponential
When a disease, such as COVID-19, spreads exponentially, that generally means the number of cases of infection increase steadily but rapidly. Without containment, such exponential spread results in a large number of infections even when an area has a small number of cases to begin with.
For example, say the number of cases of a disease doubles every day and you start with one case. The next day there will be two cases, the day after four cases, the following day eight cases, and so on. It does not take long to reach high numbers of cases: by two weeks, you already have over 16,000 cases.
Exponential growth means that the amount of new cases over a given time period is proportional to the number of cases already present. In our above example, that proportion is doubling. Such growth can be illustrated using an exponential curve, represented by the function y=2x, where the superscript x (called an exponent, the power to which 2 is raised) represents the number of days that have passed.
What are the governments doing?
Most governments advise anyone who tests positive (takes a test to be sure they have the virus) to self-isolate. This means to stay at home for at least two weeks. This is similar to a state of quarantine, where you can’t leave a place for a number of days. The Chinese authorities tried to stop the spread of the virus by putting entire cities on lockdown. (If a city is locked down, nobody can go in or go out.)Many airlines have suspended flights (stopped flights) to places with severe outbreaks of the virus, such as China, Korea, Iran and Italy. In other countries, the authorities have banned large-scale public events (made it illegal for people to gather in public in large numbers). For example, football matches and trade conferences have been cancelled, and schools closed.
Coronavirus refers to any of various RNA-containing spherical viruses of the family Coronaviridae, including several that cause acute respiratory illnesses.
Notable types of coronavirus are SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. COVID-19 is popularly referred to as (the) coronavirus or corona for short. COVID-19 is referred to as the novel coronavirus because it is a new (novel) virus (i.e., it hasn’t been detected before). Novel coronavirus can be abbreviated as nCoV.
When looked at under a microscope, coronaviruses appear to be surrounded by a spiky array thought to look like a corona, or a crown-like shape, hence the name coronavirus.
Extract
In a 2016 article published in this journal (Roig–Marín, 2016), I argued that the coinage of cyber-blends reflects our blended digital/physical relationships in today’s world. The current pandemic has put a halt to our everyday lives and all forms of physical contact, and so technologies and digital experiences now play a more conspicuous role than ever. We have gone online and got used to vocabulary whose usage prior to COVID-19 was very limited (e.g. quarantine and pandemic) or known to very few (coronavirus, super-spreader, or the abbreviations PPE ‘personal protective equipment’ or WFH ‘working from home’), while coming to terms with the implications of others such as self-isolation, lockdown, or social distancing (which should be better called physical distancing as social closeness, albeit non-physically, is very much needed to get through these difficult times). Short pieces on coroneologisms have attested to the rise of many new lexical formations, mostly blends. According to Thorne (2020; also cited in CBC, 2020), more than 1,000 new words – both non-specialised and technical terminology – have been created during the current pandemic. Journalists and Twitter users are particularly prone to coin words displaying a high level of linguistic ingenuity; yet, the circulation of that lexis may be very limited. The present note overviews some of the most widely spread vocabulary related to our new COVID-19 reality, coming from the laity rather than from medical or scientific professionals. Alongside terms like social distancing and lockdown, less technical and more playful vocabulary has transcended linguistic boundaries. Particular attention will be paid to examples from European languages whose word-stocks share a common Latinate substratum, likewise central to scientific communication.
Exercise
- In some countries, governments advise that the entire family should (a)……………. if just one member experiences symptoms such as a (b)……………….. cough, (c) ………………problems or a fever.
- Avoiding large gatherings and practising social (a)…………………….. can help reduce the (b)…………………. rate of the virus.
- When you seek information regarding Covid-19, always go to official sources and be careful of ………………. spread online.
- Many countries are ……………………. their efforts to try to contain the spread of this virus.
- As yet, there is still not enough known about the ………………………….. of the virus and precisely how long it survives on cardboard or plastic.
- People with pre-existing medical conditions that affect their breathing, such as ………….., should take extra precautionary measures.
- Covid-19 was declared a …………….. by the WHO on March 11th 2020.
- In the current situation, we are likely to see good examples of ……………. behaviour as neighbour helps neighbour.
- Most governments around the world are doing their ………….. to try to contain the spread of the coronavirus.
