Коронавирус covid-19
Содержание:
- Timeline of Events
- Typical Symptoms
- Objects and Surfaces
- Examples of possible development of symptoms (from actual cases)
- Patients Under Investigation (PUI) in the United States
- Airborne Transmission
- References
- Close Contact (6 feet, 1.8 meters) and Respiratory Droplets
- 80% of cases are mild
- Symptoms observed in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
- Floor
Timeline of Events
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On January 31, HHS declared Coronavirus a Public Health Emergency in the US
As of Jan. 31, the Wuhan coronavirus is officially a public health emergency in the United States, Alex Azar, secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), announced at a White House press briefing. - On Jan. 31, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a federal quarantine for 14 days affecting the 195 American evacuees from Wuhan, China. Starting Sunday, Feb. 2, U.S. citizens, permanent residents and immediate family who have visited China’s Hubei province will undergo a mandatory 14 days quarantine and, if they have visited other parts of China, they would be screened at airports and asked to self-quarantine for 14 days. The last time the CDC had issued a quarantine was over 50 years ago in the 1960s, for smallpox.
- President Donald Trump signed an order on Jan. 31 for the U.S. to deny entry to foreign nationals who traveled to China within the preceding two weeks, aside from the immediate family of U.S. citizens.
- On Jan. 30, the CDC had confirmed the first case of person to person transmission in the U.S.: [] the husband of the Chicago, Illinois case who had returned from Wuhan, China on Jan. 13 and who tested positive for the virus on Jan. 24).
- CDC stated on Jan. 30 that «It is likely there will be more cases of 2019-nCoV reported in the U.S. in the coming days and weeks, including more person-to-person spread.»[]
- The virus had been confirmed in 5 states.
- On Jan. 31, New York City health officials vehemently denied the rumor regarding a coronavirus case in the city .[]. On Feb. 1, however, the city’s health commissioner did report that there was a test being performed on a person under 40 who had returned from China, developed matching symptoms, and tested negative to the seasonal flu.
- Most US patients had recently visited Wuhan.
- All of the first five U.S. cases were described as mild.
- A study on the first US case of novel coronavirus detailed mild symptoms followed by pneumonia
U.S. Airlines suspended ALL flights between the U.S. and China
On Friday, January 31, Delta, American and United announced they would temporarily suspend all of their mainland China flights in response to the coronavirus outbreak.[]
Prior to this January 31 announcement:
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UNITED AIRLINES
on Jan. 28 had announced it would cut 24 flights between the U.S. and China for the first week of February. -
AMERICAN AIRLINES
on Jan. 29 had announced it would suspend flights from Los Angeles to Shanghai and Beijing from Feb. 9 through March 27, 2020. It will maintain its flight schedules (10 daily A/R) from Dallas-Fort Worth to Shanghai and Beijing, as well as from Los Angeles and Dallas-Fort Worth to Hong Kong. - DELTA had not adjusted its schedule of direct flights from the U.S. to China. It is the only airline with direct flights to not take action so far.
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Travel Alert: Do Not Travel to China
- The U.S. State Department on January 30 issued a Level 4: Do Not Travel to China Alert [] (the highest level of alert).
- Previously, on January 29, the advisory was set at a lower «Level 3: Reconsider Travel» advising not to travel to Hubei Province: (Level 4) and reconsider travel to the remainder of China (Level 3).
- The CDC on Jan. 28 issued a Level 3 Warning, recommending that travelers avoid all nonessential travel to China [].
Screening incoming passengers at 20 airports in the U.S.
On January 17, the CDC announced that 3 airports in the United States would begin screening incoming passengers from China: SFO, JFK, and LAX [] Other 2 airports were added subsequently, and on January 28, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) announced that 15 additional U.S. airports (bringing the total to 20) would begin screening incoming travelers from China.
Below is the complete list of airports where screening for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is in place:
- Los Angeles International (LAX)
- San Francisco International (SFO)
- Chicago O’Hare
- New York JFK
- Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International
- Houston George Bush Intercontinental
- Dallas-Fort Worth International
- San Diego International
- Seattle-Tacoma International
- Honolulu International
- Anchorage Ted Stevens International
- Minneapolis-St. Paul International
- Detroit Metropolitan
- Miami International
- Washington Dulles International
- Philadelphia International
- Newark Liberty International
- Boston Logan International
- El Paso International
- Puerto Rico’s San Juan Airport
Typical Symptoms
Objects and Surfaces
Examples of possible development of symptoms (from actual cases)
Patients Under Investigation (PUI) in the United States
Airborne Transmission
The WHO states that «Respiratory infections can be transmitted through droplets of different sizes: when the droplet particles are >5-10 μm in diameter they are referred to as respiratory droplets, and when they are <5μm in diameter, they are referred to as droplet nuclei. According to current evidence, COVID-19 virus is primarily transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and contact routes»
The WHO defines airborne transmission as «the spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of droplet nuclei that remain infectious when suspended in air over long distances and time»
Air Distance: up to 4 meters (13 feet) might be possible (in hospitals)
«The maximum transmission distance of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol might be 4 m» (13.1 feet), according to a study published on April 10 on Emerging Infectious Diseases, a journal of the US CDC which also found that «SARS-CoV-2 was widely distributed in the air and on object surfaces in both the ICU and general ward (GW), implying a potentially high infection risk for medical staff and other close contacts»
This is true in a hospital setting and doesn’t necessarily apply to other settings. The WHO says that «in the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures or support treatments that generate aerosols are performed; i.e., endotracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, open suctioning, administration of nebulized treatment, manual ventilation before intubation, turning the patient to the prone position, disconnecting the patient from the ventilator, non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation, tracheostomy, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation»
And concludes that «further studies are needed to determine whether it is possible to detect COVID-19 virus in air samples from patient rooms where no procedures or support treatments that generate aerosols are ongoing»
Air Duration: up to 3 hours (but not in normal conditions, according to WHO)
Virus can remain viable «in aerosols up to 3 hours» found a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine on March 17
The WHO notes that these findings need to be interpreted carefully: «in this experimental study, aerosols were generated using a three-jet Collison nebulizer and fed into a Goldberg drum under controlled laboratory conditions. This is a high-powered machine that does not reflect normal human cough conditions. Further, the finding of COVID-19 virus in aerosol particles up to 3 hours does not reflect a clinical setting in which aerosol-generating procedures are performed — that is, this was an experimentally induced aerosol-generating procedure»
References
- https://411mania.com/wrestling/tony-khan-not-pressuring-anyone-to-work-next-weeks-aew-dynamite/
- https://www.allelitewrestling.com/post/aew-dynamite-make-up-dates-for-rochester-and-newark-scheduled
- https://www.allelitewrestling.com/post/aew-dynamite-milwaukee-and-st-louis-rescheduled
- https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2020/03/changes-to-aaa-and-cmll-shows-667853/
- http://www.thecubsfan.com/cmll/2020/03/17/aaa-shows-postponed-iwrg-empty-arena-show-flammer-temporary-retirement/
- https://www.njpw1972.com/72903
- https://www.njpw1972.com/73438
- https://www.njpw1972.com/73631
- https://www.njpw1972.com/73788
- https://www.njpw1972.com/73901
- https://www.njpw1972.com/74453
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- https://www.rohwrestling.com/news/roh-cancels-all-live-events-through-may-31st-2020
- https://www.rohwrestling.com/news/roh-cancels-all-june-live-events
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- https://www.newsweek.com/wwe-wrestlemania-36-two-nights-locations-dates-card-rumors-1493135
- https://www.cbssports.com/wwe/news/wwe-to-resume-live-tv-tapings-after-being-deemed-essential-business-by-florida-governors-office/
- https://www.wwe.com/article/wwe-talent-releases-kurt-angle-drake-maverick-karl-anderson
- https://411mania.com/wrestling/wwe-releases-luke-gallows-karl-anderson-and-four-other-talents-more-coming/
-
Report: Former UFC heavyweight champion Cain Velasquez released by WWE
- https://www.wwe.com/article/curtis-axel-released
- https://www.wrestlinginc.com/news/2020/04/gerald-brisco-comments-on-his-wwe-status-and-future-669733/
- https://www.espn.com/xfl/story/_/id/28894247/xfl-cancels-regular-season-games-committed-playing-2021
Close Contact (6 feet, 1.8 meters) and Respiratory Droplets
80% of cases are mild
Symptoms observed in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
percentages representing the proportion of patients displaying that symptomhospitalized patientsseriousmajority of cases of COVID-19 (about 80%) is mild
Findings from the Wang et al study published on JAMA and based on 138 hospitalized patients []
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Common symptoms included: |
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| Fever | 98.6% |
| Fatigue | 69.6% |
| Dry cough | 59.4% |
The median time observed:
- from first symptom to → Dyspnea (Shortness of breath) = 5.0 days
- from first symptom to → Hospital admission = 7.0 days
- from first symptom to → ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) = 8.0 days (when occurring)
Full list of symptoms from the Wang study:
From: Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China — JAMA, Wang et al., February 7, 2020
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Signs and symptoms at admission |
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| Fever | 83% | |
| Cough | 82% | |
| Shortness of breath | 31% | |
| Muscle ache | 11% | |
| Confusion | 9% | |
| Headache | 8% | |
| Sore throat | 5% | |
| Rhinorrhoea (runny nose) | 4% | |
| Chest pain | 2% | |
| Diarrhea | 2% | |
| Nausea and vomiting | 1% | |
| More than one sign or symptom |
90% | |
| Fever, cough, and shortness of breath |
15% |
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Canada Public Health Agency
The Canadian PHAC states that:
- You may have little to no symptoms.
- You may not know you have symptoms of COVID-19 because they are similar to a cold or flu.
- Symptoms may take up to 14 days to appear after exposure to the virus. This is the longest known infectious period for this virus.
Symptoms have included:
- fever
- cough
- difficulty breathing
- pneumonia in both lungs
In severe cases, infection can lead to death.
UK Government and NHS
The UK National Health Service (NHS) section dedicated to Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) lists the following as the main symptoms of coronavirus:
- a cough
- a high temperature
- shortness of breath
The GOV.UK novel coronavirus guidance for the public page says:
Typical symptoms of coronavirus include fever and a cough that may progress to a severe pneumonia causing shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.
The GOV.UK clinical guidance on Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): epidemiology, virology and clinical features notes that:
Fever, cough or chest tightness, and dyspnoea are the main symptoms reported. While most cases report a mild illness, severe are also being reported, some of whom require intensive care.
Australian Government
The Australian Government Department of Health informs that symptoms can range from mild illness to pneumonia, adding that some people will recover easily, while others may get very sick very quickly. According to their , people may experience:
- fever
- flu-like symptoms such as coughing, sore throat and fatigue
- shortness of breath
The CDC has published the following infographic on its Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV):
World Health Organization
The WHO has issued an interim guidance on the clinical management of suspected cases in which it says that
«nCoV may present with mild, moderate, or severe illness; the latter includes severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock.»
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Floor
«The rate of positivity was relatively high for floor swab samples (ICU 7/10, 70%; GW 2/13, 15.4%), perhaps because of gravity and air flow causing most virus droplets to float to the ground.
In addition, as medical staff walk around the ward, the virus can be tracked all over the floor, as indicated by the 100% rate of positivity from the floor in the pharmacy, where there were no patients.
Furthermore, half of the samples from the soles of the ICU medical staff shoes tested positive. Therefore, the soles of medical staff shoes might function as carriers. The 3 weak positive results from the floor of dressing room 4 might also arise from these carriers. We highly recommend that persons disinfect shoe soles before walking out of wards containing COVID-19 patients.»
